In England and Wales, medical negligence occurs when a healthcare professional, such as a doctor or nurse, breaches their duty of care to a patient, resulting in harm, injury, or a worsened medical condition. Common examples include misdiagnosis, delayed diagnosis, surgical errors, medication mistakes, failure to obtain informed consent, and inadequate treatment. To establish medical negligence, one must demonstrate that the healthcare provider's actions or omissions fell below the accepted standard of care in their specific circumstances, causing harm to the patient. Tthe focus is on the breach of duty, causation, and the extent of damages suffered by the patient due to the negligence.